ABSTRACT
Considering the millions of COVID-19 patients worldwide, a global critical challenge of low-cost and efficient anti-COVID-19 drug production has emerged. Favipiravir is one of the potential anti-COVID-19 drugs, but its original synthetic route with 7 harsh steps gives a low product yield (0.8%) and has a high cost ($68 per g). Herein, we demonstrated a low-cost and efficient synthesis route for favipiravir designed using improved retrosynthesis software, which involves only 3 steps under safe and near-ambient air conditions. A yield of 32% and cost of $1.54 per g were achieved by this synthetic route. We also used the same strategy to optimize the synthesis of sabizabulin. We anticipate that these synthetic routes will contribute to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated attempts have been made to develop etiotropic therapy for a novel coronavirus infection. Hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, etc. derivatives were used as antiviral agents, however, they demonstrated a low efficiency and an insufficient safety. In this connection, other groups of drugs with a more effective and safe pharmacological profile are currently being actively used. The aim of the study was to analyze the literature references on the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs for the COVID-19 treatment.Materials and methods. When searching for the materials for the review article writing, such databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, e-Library were used. The search was carried out on publications for the period from January 2020 to September 2022. The key queries were: COVID-19, etiotropic therapy;immunological drugs;antiviral drugs;interferons.Results. Currently, there are various degrees of effective etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The review has considered a few groups of drugs that are of interest from the point of view of etiotropic therapy: immunological drugs (anticovid plasma, the drugs based on antiviral antibodies, the drugs of recombinant interferons-alpha 2 and-beta 1, as well as interferon inducers, i.e., the drugs based on double-stranded RNA sodium salt, and others);drugs that block the penetration of the virus into the cell (umifenovir);the drugs that disrupt the process of the viral replication (favipiravir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir).Conclusion. Synthetic antivirals, in particular favipiravir, molnupiravir, remdesivir, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, have the largest evidence base for their efficacy and safety. The search for new effective and safe etiotropic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, as well as the collection and analysis of post-registration data on the drugs already used in clinical practice, continues.
ABSTRACT
The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic which is named as COVID-19 or '2019 n CoV ' or 2019 novel coronavirus by WHO is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease caused due to SARS- CoV-2. Various drugs used to treat this pandemic are Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Dexamethasone, etc. These drugs are effective, but they have also shown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during the treatment of COVID-19 and when an ADR arises due to their use, they add an additional level of complexity in the management of COVID-19 disease. This review aims to demonstrate the mechanism of action as well as the safety issues associated with the drugs used for COVID-19. It also focuses on the safety issues related with two vaccines manufactured by Pfizer and AstraZeneca, respectively. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Science direct, Drug bank, PubChem, CDC, WHO, FDA database was accomplished for research regarding ADR case reports associated with the drugs and vaccines for COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, accountable for the COVID-19 pandemic, is now sweeping the globe. As a result, as this disease resists testing and adoption of new treatments, repositioning existing medications may provide a quick and appealing method with established safety, features, and dose used. They are not, however, specific or focused. However, numerous medications have been studied for their efficacy and safety in treatment of COVID-19, with the majority currently undergoing clinical trials. The goal is to rapidly expand novel preventative and therapeutic medications, as well as to apply preventive methods such as early patient identification, isolation, and treatment. Moreover, reducing transmission through physical contact is also important. In the fight against this dangerous disease, finding the proper treatment is crucial. This article summarizes several anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, monoclonal antibodies, immunosuppressant, and immunomodulating agents in clinical trials for COVID-19. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and explore the potential roles of several medications now utilized in COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is upsetting human well-being and the economy around the globe. Scientists have been trying some antiviral drugs to control the disease and transmission of the 2019-nCoV in vitro. Two of these compounds are Favipiravir (T-705) and Ribavirin. Topological index also known as connectivity index, is a molecular descriptor which is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical compound. Topological indices are used to predict different biological and physicochemical properties of chemical compounds. In this article, various significant topological degree-based indices and the M-polynomials are investigated for the Favipiravir(T-705) and Ribavirin. The results obtained may aid in the designing of new medicine for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other diseases.